Black Walnut
Juglans nigra · Deciduous Broadleaf
Plant Family
Juglandaceae
Tree Category
Nut, Shade, and Timber Tree
Variety / Cultivar
None (Wild type)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 4-9; very adaptable to various temperate climates.
About This Tree
A large, stately forest tree with a straight trunk and a rounded, open crown. It is valued for its high-quality dark wood and edible nuts. It exhibits a moderate growth rate when young.
Leaf Characteristics
Pinnately compound leaves 12-24 inches long with 15-23 ovate-lanceolate leaflets. Leaflets are finely serrated and have a distinct aromatic scent when crushed. Fall color is bright yellow.
Bark Characteristics
On young trees (as pictured), bark is grayish-brown and relatively smooth with prominent lenticels; matures into dark, nearly black bark with deep, diamond-shaped furrows.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern and Central North America
Growing Season
Late spring budding to minimize frost risk; flowers in May/June; nuts ripen in autumn; early dormant phase.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Requires full sun; needs well-drained, moist, fertile loamy soil; moderate drought tolerance once established.
Mature Size
70-100 feet in height with a similar spread; trunk diameter up to 3-4 feet; lifespan of 150-250 years.
Special Characteristics
Produces juglone (an allelopathic chemical) that inhibits the growth of certain nearby plants; highly prized for dark, durable timber; high value for hardwood furniture.
Wildlife & Ecology
Excellent food source for squirrels and other rodents; attracts several species of butterflies (Luna moth) as a host plant; provides substantial nesting sites for birds.