Common Hackberry
Celtis occidentalis · Deciduous Broadleaf
Plant Family
Cannabaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree / Forest Tree
Variety / Cultivar
None (Wild type)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 3 through 9.
About This Tree
A medium to large tree with an irregular, rounded crown and spreading branches. It is a tough, durable tree known for its interesting corky bark and small, berry-like drupes.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple leaves, 2-5 inches long, arranged alternately. Characteristic asymmetrical bases (uneven) with serrated margins and a pointed tip. Light to medium green in summer, turning yellow in fall.
Bark Characteristics
Distinctive light gray bark with cork-like, warty ridges or protrusions. As the tree ages, these ridges become more pronounced and irregular, making it highly recognizable.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to North America, particularly the central and northeastern United States and southern Canada.
Growing Season
Leaves out in mid-spring; flowers in April or May simultaneously with leaf emergence. Enters dormancy in late autumn after fruit matures.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun to partial shade. Medium water needs, but highly adaptable to both wet and dry soils once established. Excellent drought tolerance.
Mature Size
40-60 feet tall with a spread of 40-60 feet. Growth rate is moderate. Can live 150-200 years.
Special Characteristics
Highly tolerant of urban conditions, wind, and air pollution. Known for attracting butterflies (host plant for Hackberry Emperor). Timber is used for inexpensive furniture or crates.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides significant ecological value; the nectar-rich flowers attract pollinators. The small, purple-black drupes are a critical food source for birds and mammals throughout winter. Host plant for various butterfly larvae.