Paper Birch
Betula papyrifera · Deciduous Broadleaf Hardwood
Plant Family
Betulaceae
Tree Category
Ornamental Shade Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Standard species type (Betula papyrifera)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 2 through 7, tolerating cold northern climates exceptionally well.
About This Tree
Medium-sized deciduous tree known for its striking white, exfoliating bark and graceful, open crown. Often grows with multiple trunks.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate, ovate to triangular leaves, 2 to 4 inches long with doubly serrate margins and a pointed tip. Dark green in summer, turning bright yellow in fall.
Bark Characteristics
Distinctive chalky to creamy white bark that peels in thin, papery strips, with dark horizontal lenticels and darker, furrowed black bark at the base on older trees.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to northern North America, ranging across Canada and the northern United States.
Growing Season
Leafs out in mid-spring, flowers in early spring (catkins), turns golden-yellow in autumn before dropping leaves, and enters winter dormancy.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun and moist, well-drained, acidic soils. Moderate water requirements; does not tolerate prolonged drought or severe heat well.
Mature Size
Reaches a mature height of 50 to 70 feet with a spread of 35 to 50 feet. Fast growth rate when young, with a moderate lifespan of 30 to 50 years.
Special Characteristics
Renowned for its ornamental white bark and brilliant fall color. Historically used by indigenous peoples for constructing canoes.
Wildlife & Ecology
Supports a wide variety of wildlife, providing buds and catkins for birds and small mammals, and serving as a host plant for several butterfly and moth larvae.