Norway Spruce
Picea abies · Evergreen, Coniferous, Softwood
Plant Family
Pinaceae
Tree Category
Evergreen Conifer, Shade Tree, Windbreak
Variety / Cultivar
Standard species
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 2-7; highly cold-tolerant and adaptable to various northern climates.
About This Tree
A large, fast-growing evergreen conifer with a distinct pyramidal shape. It is characterized by its drooping or 'weeping' secondary branchlets and light brown cones. As it matures, the tree develops a dense canopy that provides excellent privacy and wind protection.
Leaf Characteristics
Needles are stiff, sharp, and four-sided (can be rolled between fingers). They are about 0.5 to 1 inch long, dark green, and arranged spirally around the twig. They persist for several years.
Bark Characteristics
Bark on young trees is thin, reddish-gray, and smooth; with maturity, it becomes grayish-brown and breaks into small, flaky, rounded scales or plates.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Northern and Central Europe; widely naturalized in North America
Growing Season
Year-round evergreen foliage; new needle growth (candles) in spring; cone production in late summer; dormant in winter.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun for best growth; requires moist but well-drained soil. It has moderate drought tolerance once established but prefers consistent moisture.
Mature Size
Height: 40–60 feet (up to 100+ feet in wild); Spread: 25–30 feet; Growth Rate: Fast (2-3 feet per year); Lifespan: 150+ years.
Special Characteristics
High deer resistance; excellent windbreak performance; utilized for Christmas trees; high timber value for paper pulp and musical instruments (tonewood).
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides critical winter cover for small mammals and birds like hawks and owls. Seeds from cones are a food source for squirrels, crossbills, and nuthatches.