Common Hawthorn
Crataegus monogyna · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Rosaceae
Tree Category
Ornamental, Flowering, Wildlife Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Wild type / Straight species
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 4 through 8.
About This Tree
A small to medium-sized thorny deciduous tree or large shrub with a rounded, dense crown, irregular branching, and sharp thorns along the twigs. Known for attractive spring blossoms and autumn berries.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves deeply lobed with 3 to 7 primary lobes, glossy dark green above, paler beneath, with serrated margins.
Bark Characteristics
Smooth and grey-brown on young stems, becoming fissured, rough, and developing shallow vertical ridges with scaly plates on older trunks.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to Europe, northwestern Africa, and western Asia; widely naturalized elsewhere.
Growing Season
Leafs out in early spring, produces white or pinkish blossoms in late spring, develops small red pomes (haws) in autumn, and drops leaves for winter dormancy.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Thrives in full sun to partial shade. Prefers moderately fertile, well-drained soil, but is highly adaptable to drought and various soil types once established.
Mature Size
Reaches a mature height of 15 to 30 feet (4.5 to 9 meters) with a similar spread, moderate growth rate, and a lifespan often exceeding several decades.
Special Characteristics
High tolerance for urban pollution, heavy pruning, and exposed sites. Features sharp thorns making it excellent for security hedging.
Wildlife & Ecology
Exceptional value for wildlife; flowers provide nectar for bees and pollinators, dense thorny branches offer secure nesting sites for birds, and autumn haws are a vital food source for small mammals and overwintering birds.