Scarlet Oak
Quercus coccinea · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Ornamental
Variety / Cultivar
None visible (wild type)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 4 through 9
About This Tree
A large, stately tree with an open, rounded to irregular crown. It is known for its horizontal to slightly drooping lower branches and rapid growth rate among oaks.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves, 3-7 inches long with 7 to 9 deeply cut lobes. Lobes have bristle-tipped teeth and C-shaped sinuses. Shiny green in summer, turning scarlet in fall.
Bark Characteristics
On older trees, bark is dark gray-brown, thick, and divided into irregular ridges and furrows. Unlike Red Oak, it lacks long shiny 'ski tracks' on the upper trunk.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern and Central United States, commonly planted in urban areas in the Pacific Northwest and Europe.
Growing Season
Leaves emerge in spring with catkin flowers; acorns mature in autumn of the second year; enters dormancy in late fall after vibrant color change.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun for best growth and fall color. Requires well-drained soil; relatively drought tolerant once established but prefers consistent moisture.
Mature Size
60-80 feet tall with a 40-50 foot spread. Growth rate is moderate to fast for an oak. Can live over 200 years.
Special Characteristics
Exceptional brilliant red fall color. More tolerant of poor, sandy soils than many other oaks. Used for timber and as a high-quality urban street tree.
Wildlife & Ecology
Produces acorns that provide critical food for squirrels, deer, turkeys, and blue jays. Serves as a host plant for numerous Lepidoptera species (caterpillars).