American Pokeweed
Phytolacca americana · Herbaceous perennial (tree-like form)
Plant Family
Phytolaccaceae
Tree Category
Large Herbaceous Weed / Forest Border Plant
Variety / Cultivar
Not applicable (wild type shown)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 4 through 11.
About This Tree
While technically a herbaceous perennial and not a true woody tree, it grows to tree-like proportions in a single season. It features a thick, succulent, reddish-purple stem and a multi-branching spreading habit. It produces hanging clusters of white flowers followed by dark purple-black berries.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves that are large (up to 10-12 inches long), ovate-lanceolate, with smooth margins and a distinct midrib. They are bright green and can have a slightly rugose or wrinkled texture when young.
Bark Characteristics
Does not have true bark; stems are smooth, succulent, and hollow as they age, typically turning a vibrant magenta or reddish-purple.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to Eastern North America, spanning from Maine to Florida and west to Texas.
Growing Season
Emerges in mid-spring, flowers in mid-summer, produces berries in late summer/fall, and dies back completely to the ground after the first frost.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun to partial shade; prefers moist, rich soils and is highly adaptable to disturbed sites. Very drought tolerant once the large taproot is established.
Mature Size
Reaches a height of 6-10 feet with a spread of 3-5 feet. Growth is extremely fast, reaching full height in a single summer.
Special Characteristics
Contains phytolaccatoxin and is toxic to humans and livestock if ingested. Historically used for dye (berry juice) and medicinal purposes only under specific expert preparation (poke salad).
Wildlife & Ecology
Extremely high ecological value; berries are a critical food source for songbirds like bluebirds and cedar waxwings. Provides nectar for pollinators and serves as a host for several moth species.