White Ash
Fraxinus americana · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Oleaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Timber Tree
Variety / Cultivar
None (specimen appears to be the straight species)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 3 through 9
About This Tree
A large, stately forest tree with a straight trunk and an oval to rounded crown. Known for its symmetrical branching and vigorous growth in moisture-rich soils. It is a primary timber species for tool handles and baseball bats.
Leaf Characteristics
Opposite, pinnately compound (this image shows a single leaflet). Leaflets are typically 2-5 inches long, ovate to lanceolate, with smooth or finely serrated margins. Dark green above and a lighter, whitish-green underneath.
Bark Characteristics
Gray to brownish-gray; develops a distinctive diamond-shaped pattern of interlacing ridges and deep furrows as it matures.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to Eastern and Central North America
Growing Season
Leafs out in late spring; flowers before leaves in April-May; seeds ripen in late summer; enters dormancy in mid-autumn.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun for best growth; prefers moist, well-drained, deep loamy soils. Moderately drought-tolerant once established.
Mature Size
Height of 50-80 feet with a spread of 40-50 feet. Fast growth rate when young, slowing with age. Lifespan can exceed 200 years.
Special Characteristics
Highly valued for timber (strength and elasticity). Notable for spectacular fall color ranging from yellow to deep purple and maroon. Currently under heavy threat by the Invasive Emerald Ash Borer (EAB).
Wildlife & Ecology
Seeds (samaras) provide food for wood ducks, finches, and squirrels. Larval host for several sphinx moth species. Provides nesting sites for various cavity-nesting birds.