American Elm
Ulmus americana · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Ulmaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Wild type (No specific cultivar identified)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 2-9
About This Tree
Large deciduous tree with a classic vase-shaped or fountain-like form. It features a spreading crown with pendulous branch tips and a massive trunk that often forks into several large limbs.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate arrangement; elliptical to ovate shape with an asymmetrical base; 3-6 inches long; dark green with a rough, sandpaper-like texture above; double-serrated margins; turns yellow in fall.
Bark Characteristics
Dark gray to brownish-gray; deeply furrowed with broad, flat-topped ridges that cross over one another; identifiable by alternating white and brown layers when cut in cross-section.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to Eastern and Central North America
Growing Season
Leafs out in early spring; flowers and seeds (samaras) appear before leaf development; enters dormancy in late autumn.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun but tolerates partial shade; high water needs, preferring moist, well-drained loams; moderate drought tolerance once established.
Mature Size
60 to 80 feet tall, with a spread of 40 to 70 feet; fast growth rate; can live up to 200 years if resistant to disease.
Special Characteristics
Historically valued for its timber and as a street tree until Dutch Elm Disease significantly reduced populations; notable for its unique vase-like silhouette and fast growth.
Wildlife & Ecology
Host plant for various moth larvae; seeds provide food for songbirds and squirrels; the dense crown provides nesting sites for many bird species including baltimore orioles.