White Oak
Quercus alba · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Nut-bearing
Variety / Cultivar
None (wild species)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 3-9
About This Tree
A large, long-lived stately forest tree with a broad-rounded crown and strong horizontal branches. It is known for its majestic size and long lifespan.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate, 4-9 inches long, with 7-9 deep, rounded lobes. Dark green above and whitish-green underneath; turns reddish-purple in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Light gray to whitish, breaking into small, thin, vertically oriented rectangular plates or scales; becomes more deeply furrowed with age.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern and Central North America
Growing Season
Late spring budding; flowering in May; acorns mature in autumn; dormancy in winter.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun to partial shade; prefers well-drained, moist soil but is moderately drought-tolerant once established.
Mature Size
Height: 50-80 feet; Spread: 50-80 feet; Growth Rate: Slow to Medium; Lifespan: 200-500 years.
Special Characteristics
Highly valuable for timber (flooring, furniture, barrels); exceptional fall color; excellent resistance to ice damage and wind.
Wildlife & Ecology
High ecological value; provides acorns for squirrels, deer, and turkeys; supports over 500 species of Lepidoptera (caterpillars).