Dogwood
Cornus florida · Deciduous Broadleaf
Plant Family
Cornaceae
Tree Category
Flowering Ornamental Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Flowering Dogwood (White variety)
Hardiness Zones
5-9 (USDA)
About This Tree
A small deciduous tree with a low-branching, spreading habit. It typically features a flat-topped crown that is wider than it is tall, often showing a tiered horizontal branching pattern. It is famous for its showy spring bracts and vibrant autumn foliage.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, opposite arrangement, oval to ovate shape, 3-6 inches long. Leaves have distinct 'dogwood' venation (veins curve toward the tip). Dark green in summer, turning reddish-purple or scarlet in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Grey-brown to blackish; develops a very distinctive 'alligator bark' texture, breaking into small, square or rectangular blocky plates as it matures.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern North America, from Maine to Florida and west to eastern Texas and Mexico.
Growing Season
Blooms in early spring (April-May) before leaves fully emerge; fruits ripen in late summer to fall; enters dormancy in late autumn after leaf drop.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Partial shade (understory preference) to full sun; prefers moist, well-drained, acidic soil. Moderate watering needs, especially during dry summer periods; low drought tolerance.
Mature Size
15-30 feet in height with a similar or slightly larger spread; slow to moderate growth rate; lifespan of 50-80 years.
Special Characteristics
Highly prized for four-season interest: spring flowers (bracts), summer shade, brilliant fall color, and blocky winter bark. Susceptible to dogwood anthracnose in humid regions.
Wildlife & Ecology
Extremely high ecological value; the red drupes (fruits) are a vital food source for over 35 species of birds and mammals. Flowers provide nectar for pollinators including bees and butterflies; serves as a host plant for Spring Azure butterfly larvae.