American Sweetgum
Liquidambar styraciflua · Deciduous Broadleaf Hardwood
Plant Family
Altingiaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Ornamental
Variety / Cultivar
Standard species type with characteristic star-shaped leaves and spiky gumballs.
Hardiness Zones
Thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 5 through 9.
About This Tree
A medium to large deciduous tree known for its straight trunk, symmetrical pyramidal to rounded crown, and moderate to fast growth rate. It features deeply star-shaped leaves, unique corky ridges on the branches, and prickly spherical fruit capsules.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, star-shaped leaves with 5 to 7 pointed, finely serrated lobes, typically 4 to 7 inches across. Arranged alternately on the twigs. Bright green in summer, turning brilliant shades of yellow, orange, red, and purple in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Gray-brown bark with deep furrows and ridges on mature trunks. Younger branches frequently develop unique, prominent corky ridges or wings.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Southeastern United States, extending north to New York and west to Texas, also found in parts of Mexico and Central America.
Growing Season
Leafs out in mid-spring, produces inconspicuous flowers in spring, develops spiky fruit pods through summer that mature in autumn, and drops leaves after displaying vibrant fall colors before entering winter dormancy.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Requires full sun for best growth and fall color. Prefers moist, deep, well-drained alluvial soils but adapts to clay. Moderate water needs with fair drought tolerance once established.
Mature Size
Mature height of 60 to 80 feet with a spread of 40 to 60 feet. Long lifespan exceeding 150 years under favorable conditions.
Special Characteristics
Renowned for its spectacular autumn foliage ranging from yellow to deep purple. Branches often display interesting corky bark. Wood is used for lumber, veneer, and pulp.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides food for various birds and small mammals that consume the seeds within the woody capsules. Offers nesting sites and cover in its dense canopy.