White Oak
Quercus alba · Deciduous broadleaf hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Timber Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Species native type, no specific cultivar identified
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 9, highly adaptable to diverse temperate climate conditions
About This Tree
A large, majestic deciduous tree with a massive, sturdy trunk and a broad, rounded crown. Known for its strong branching structure, heavy hardwood timber, and excellent longevity at maturity.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves with 7 to 9 rounded lobes, deeply cut sinuses, smooth margins, dark green in summer turning rich red to purplish-brown in autumn
Bark Characteristics
Light gray to whitish bark with deep furrows and scaly ridges, becoming blocky and deeply textured on older trunks
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to eastern and central North America, well-adapted to temperate forest zones
Growing Season
Leafs out in mid-spring, flowers in spring, drops acorns in autumn, and enters winter dormancy
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun, moderate watering needs once established, exhibits good drought tolerance in deep soils
Mature Size
Mature height of 80-100 feet, spread of 80-100 feet, slow to moderate growth rate, and a lifespan often exceeding several centuries
Special Characteristics
Valuable durable timber, produces edible acorns for wildlife, high resistance to decay, and striking reddish-brown fall foliage
Wildlife & Ecology
Supports numerous moth and butterfly larvae, provides essential nesting habitat for birds, and its acorns are a vital food source for deer, squirrels, turkeys, and jays