American Elm
Ulmus americana · Deciduous hardwood
Plant Family
Ulmaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Species type, no specific cultivar identified
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 9
About This Tree
A large deciduous tree known historically for its graceful, vase-like arching crown and interlocking canopy over streets, featuring dense dark green foliage and rough-textured bark.
Leaf Characteristics
Alternate, simple leaves, 3 to 6 inches long, elliptic to obovate in shape, with doubly serrate margins, strongly parallel prominent veins, and noticeably unequal (asymmetrical) leaf base.
Bark Characteristics
Dark gray to brownish-gray, deeply furrowed into intersecting scaly ridges that often show alternating light and dark layers when cut.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern and Central North America
Growing Season
Leafs out in early spring, flowers in very early spring before leaves, forms winged samara fruits in late spring, and enters dormancy in late autumn.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun to partial shade, requires moderate moisture, and adapts well to various soil types while tolerating occasional flooding.
Mature Size
Mature height of 60 to 80 feet, spread of 40 to 70 feet, moderate to fast growth rate, with a lifespan historically up to several centuries though often shortened by Dutch elm disease.
Special Characteristics
Renowned for its classic vase shape and historical use as an urban street tree, though highly susceptible to Dutch elm disease, with modern cultivars bred for resistance.
Wildlife & Ecology
Supports numerous species of Lepidoptera larvae, provides nesting sites for various birds, and produces samaras eaten by small mammals and birds.