Northern Red Oak
Quercus rubra · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Ornamental
Variety / Cultivar
Species type (Native)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 3-8; very cold-hardy and adaptable to urban environments.
About This Tree
A large, fast-growing deciduous tree with a broad, rounded crown. It features strong, spreading branches and a high canopy density, making it an excellent shade provider. Noted for its symmetrical shape and longevity.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate arrangement; 5-9 inches long with 7-11 pointed, bristle-tipped lobes. Shallow sinuses extend about halfway to the midrib. Emerging leaves are fuzzy and reddish-green; mature to dark green; turn russet-red or bright red in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Greyish and smooth on young trees. Mature bark develops distinctive long, flat-topped ridges that resemble 'ski tracks', separated by shallow furrows.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to Eastern and Central North America, adapted to temperate climates globally
Growing Season
Bud break occurs in mid-spring; leaves emerge with reddish tints before turning green. Flowers (catkins) appear in spring. Dormancy begins after late fall color change.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun preferred; moderate watering needs. It is reasonably drought-tolerant once established but prefers deep, moist, well-drained acidic soils.
Mature Size
60-75 feet in height with a similar spread. Moderate to fast growth rate (up to 2 feet per year), living 200-500 years.
Special Characteristics
Outstanding red fall color; high timber value for flooring and furniture; relatively resistant to oak wilt compared to other red oaks; salt and pollution tolerant.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides critical habitat and food via acorns for squirrels, deer, turkeys, and blue jays. Host plant for hundreds of Lepidoptera species (caterpillars), supporting a diverse local bird population.