Paper Birch
Betula papyrifera · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Betulaceae
Tree Category
Forest Tree, Shade Tree, Ornamental
Variety / Cultivar
Wild type, native species
Hardiness Zones
Thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 2 through 7, tolerating very cold northern climates.
About This Tree
Slender, upright deciduous trees featuring striking chalky-white, peeling bark and delicate crowns with ovate green foliage.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate, ovate to triangular leaves with doubly serrate margins, measuring 2 to 4 inches long, turning bright yellow in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Distinctive white or creamy bark that peels in horizontal strips, showing dark horizontal lenticels and developing dark, rugged furrows at the base with age.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to northern North America, ranging across Canada and the northern United States.
Growing Season
Spring leafing, catkin flowering in early spring, autumn yellow foliage change, entering winter dormancy late fall.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Requires full sun for optimal health, prefers moist, well-drained soils, with moderate to low drought tolerance once established.
Mature Size
Typically reaches 50 to 70 feet tall with a spread of 35 to 50 feet; fast growth rate, moderate lifespan of 30 to 140 years.
Special Characteristics
Renowned for its ornamental white peeling bark, brilliant golden fall color, and historical use by indigenous peoples for canoes.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides crucial food and habitat for various birds, small mammals, and insects, with catkins consumed by ruffed grouse and songbirds.