White Ash
Fraxinus americana · Deciduous hardwood
Plant Family
Oleaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Species type (Wild native)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 3 through 9
About This Tree
A large, graceful deciduous tree with an upright, oval to rounded crown at maturity. Known for its strong structural branching, valuable timber, and distinct diamond-patterned bark.
Leaf Characteristics
Pinnately compound leaves, typically with 5 to 9 stalked leaflets. Leaflets are oval to lance-shaped with finely toothed or smooth margins, dark green above and paler beneath, turning brilliant yellow, purple, or red in autumn. Arranged oppositely on twigs.
Bark Characteristics
Gray to dark brown with distinct, deep, interlacing ridges that form diamond-shaped patterns. This tight, diamond-ridged texture becomes very pronounced as the tree matures.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern and central North America
Growing Season
Spring leafing, inconspicuous flowers in spring followed by winged seeds (samaras) in late summer, entering dormancy in autumn with vibrant fall colors.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun to partial shade. Requires moderate moisture and well-drained soils, though it has moderate drought tolerance once established.
Mature Size
Typically reaches 50 to 80 feet in height with a spread of 40 to 70 feet, growing at a moderate to fast rate.
Special Characteristics
Renowned for strong, shock-resistant wood historically used for tool handles and baseball bats. Notable for brilliant autumn coloration.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides food for various birds and mammals through its seeds, and acts as a host plant for numerous native caterpillars and pollinators.