Red Clover
Trifolium pratense · Herbaceous Perennial (Not a tree)
Plant Family
Fabaceae (Legume Family)
Tree Category
Forage, Wildflower, Cover Crop
Variety / Cultivar
None visible (wild type)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 3 through 9; highly adaptable to temperate climates.
About This Tree
A short-lived herbaceous perennial plant, not a tree, characterized by round, pinkish-purple flower heads and trifoliate leaves. It grows in upright or spreading clumps and is often found in meadows or pastures.
Leaf Characteristics
Trifoliate leaves (three leaflets), each oval-shaped with a characteristic pale green or whitish 'V' mark (chevron) on the upper surface. Margins are finely toothed.
Bark Characteristics
No bark; stems are green to reddish-purple, hairy (pubescent), and herbaceous rather than woody.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Europe, Western Asia, and Northwest Africa; widely naturalized in North America
Growing Season
Active growth from spring to fall; flowers from late spring through late summer; dormant in winter
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun for optimal flowering; moderate water needs; prefers well-drained but moist soils; moderate drought tolerance.
Mature Size
Height: 8–24 inches (20–60 cm); Spread: 12–18 inches; Growth rate: Fast; Lifespan: 2–3 years.
Special Characteristics
Nitrogen-fixing capabilities through symbiotic bacteria; used as a medicinal herb, soil improver, and high-quality livestock fodder. Edible flowers and leaves.
Wildlife & Ecology
Excellent source of nectar for bumblebees, honeybees, and butterflies. Provides forage for small mammals and birds. Improves soil health by adding nitrogen.