American Elm
Ulmus americana · Deciduous broadleaf hardwood
Plant Family
Ulmaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree / Forest Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Species type (wild-type Ulmus americana)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 9
About This Tree
A large deciduous tree historically recognized for its graceful vase-like shape, high spreading canopy, and rapid growth rate.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves, oval to obovate in shape, 3 to 6 inches long with doubly serrated margins and an asymmetrical leaf base.
Bark Characteristics
Dark gray to brownish-gray bark, deeply furrowed into flat-topped ridges, often showing alternating light and dark layers when cross-sectioned.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to eastern and central North America
Growing Season
Leafs out in early spring, flowers in very early spring before leaves, forms winged samaras in late spring, enters dormancy in late autumn.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun to partial shade, requires moderate to moist well-drained soils, and has moderate drought tolerance once established.
Mature Size
Reaches a mature height of 60 to 80 feet with a similar or wider spread, growing at a moderate to fast rate.
Special Characteristics
Known for high tolerance to urban pollution and soil compaction, though famously susceptible to Dutch elm disease.
Wildlife & Ecology
Supports various caterpillars, birds, and small mammals that consume its buds and winged seeds, while providing structural nesting habitat.