Swamp White Oak
Quercus bicolor · Deciduous Broadleaf Hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree / Forest Tree
Variety / Cultivar
None specified (Natural species)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 3-8
About This Tree
A medium to large sized oak with a broad, rounded crown. It often exhibits a somewhat ragged or peeling appearance on younger branches. It is known for its ability to thrive in wet, poorly drained soils, though it is quite adaptable to upland sites.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves with a leathery texture. They are typically 4-7 inches long with shallow, rounded lobes or coarse teeth. The upper surface is a dark, glossy green, while the underside is significantly paler and felt-like (hence 'bicolor'). Fall color is yellow-brown to orange-gold.
Bark Characteristics
Young bark is dark brown and scaly, often peeling or exfoliating in papery flakes to reveal lighter inner bark. Mature bark becomes thick, gray-brown, and deeply furrowed with blocky ridges.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Northeastern and North-Central United States and Southeastern Canada
Growing Season
Leafs out in late spring (often with reddish-bronze new growth); flowers in May-June; acorns ripen in fall; enters dormancy after shedding leaves in late autumn.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full Sun is preferred. It has high water needs compared to other oaks and is highly tolerant of occasional flooding and poorly drained soils, but it also possesses surprising drought tolerance once established.
Mature Size
Mature height of 50-60 feet with a similar spread. Growth rate is moderate. It can live for 300 years or more.
Special Characteristics
Excellent resistance to anthracnose. Notable for its aesthetic 'bicolor' leaves and exfoliating bark on young limbs. It is highly valued for its timber, which is similar to that of White Oak (Quercus alba).
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides critical habitat and food for a wide variety of wildlife. The acorns are a primary food source for wood ducks, wild turkeys, white-tailed deer, and squirrels. It hosts numerous Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars), supporting bird populations.