White Oak
Quercus alba · Deciduous Broadleaf Hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree / Forest Tree
Variety / Cultivar
None (Wild Species Type)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 3 through 9
About This Tree
A massive, long-lived deciduous tree with a wide-spreading rounded crown and stout horizontal branches. It is known for its majestic stature and longevity, often living several hundred years. The growth form is broad and stately when grown in the open.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves typically 4 to 8 inches long with 7 to 9 deep, rounded lobes. Lacking bristles at the tips. Dark green above and whitish-green underneath, turning rich red or wine-purple in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Light gray to nearly white, divided into thin, small, vertical overlapping scales or plates. On older trees, it may become furrowed but maintains its characteristic light color.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern and Central North America
Growing Season
Late spring leafing and flowering; acorns mature in one season (autumn); enters dormancy in late fall after marcescent phase.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun is preferred, though moderately shade-tolerant when young; requires moist, well-drained, deep acidic soils; moderate drought tolerance once established.
Mature Size
Height 50–100 feet with a similar or greater spread; slow to moderate growth rate; can live 200–600 years.
Special Characteristics
Exceptional timber value for furniture and flooring; high tannin content; distinctive 'sweet' acorns (less bitter than red oaks); excellent fall color and strong branch structure.
Wildlife & Ecology
A keystone species providing high-quality 'sweet' acorns for deer, turkeys, and squirrels. Supports hundreds of caterpillar species (Lepidoptera), providing a critical food source for songbirds.