Copper Beech (or Purple Beech)
Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Ornamental, Specimen Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Purpurea (or 'Riversii', synonymous with deep purple-leaved forms)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 4 through 7 (can sometimes survive in Zone 8 with sufficient moisture).
About This Tree
A massive, long-lived deciduous tree with a dense, spreading, rounded crown. It is characterized by its deep wine-red to purple foliage that stands out against typical green landscapes. As it matures, the canopy can become incredibly wide and provide heavy shade.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, ovate leaves, 2 to 4 inches long, with wavy (undulate) margins. Arrangement is alternate. Color starts as a vibrant purple-red in spring, deepening to dark burgundy or copper-green in summer, and golden-brown in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Distinctively smooth and thin, even in old age. The color is a light to medium gray, often resembling elephant skin. It is highly sensitive to carving and sunscald.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to Central and Southern Europe; widely adapted to temperate North America and New Zealand
Growing Season
Buds break in mid to late spring (April/May), providing vibrant red-purple foliage. Fruits (beechnuts) ripen in autumn. Enters dormancy in late fall after leaves turn golden-bronze or brown.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full Sun (to maintain the best purple color) to Partial Shade. Prefers moist, well-drained, fertile soil. Does not tolerate wet feet or extreme drought well.
Mature Size
Mature height of 50 to 80 feet, with a spread of 40 to 60 feet. Growth rate is slow to moderate. Can live for over 200 years.
Special Characteristics
Prized for its dramatic ornamental color and smooth bark. While it is susceptible to Beech Bark Disease and the Beech Leaf Disease in certain regions, it is a magnificent heritage tree with high landscape value.
Wildlife & Ecology
Produces 'mast' in the form of small, triangular beechnuts (husked) which are a vital food source for birds, squirrels, and small mammals. Provides excellent nesting structure for large birds due to its dense branching.