Eastern Cottonwood
Populus deltoides · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Salicaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Riparian Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Native species, no specific named cultivar identified
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 2 through 9
About This Tree
A massive, fast-growing deciduous tree with a single straight trunk and an open, spreading, somewhat irregular crown. Known for its strong vertical ascent and distinctive deeply furrowed bark.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves, triangular to deltoid in shape, 3 to 5 inches long, coarsely serrated margins, bright green above and paler below, fluttering on flat petioles in the wind
Bark Characteristics
Smooth and greenish-yellow on young trees, becoming deeply furrowed with thick, grayish-brown ridges and valleys as the tree matures
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern, central, and southwestern North America
Growing Season
Leafs out in early spring, produces catkins before leaves, sets cottony seeds in late spring/early summer, and drops leaves in autumn after turning yellow
Sunlight & Water Needs
Requires full sun, high water needs, thrives in moist soils along rivers and streams, low drought tolerance once established
Mature Size
Mature height of 60 to 100 feet, spread of 40 to 80 feet, very fast growth rate, typical lifespan of 50 to 80 years
Special Characteristics
Extremely fast growth, highly tolerant of wet soils and temporary flooding, fragile wood prone to storm damage, notable golden yellow fall foliage
Wildlife & Ecology
Supports numerous caterpillars and insects, provides nesting sites and cover for birds and mammals, and acts as a vital component of riparian ecosystems