Neem Tree
Azadirachta indica · Deciduous to semi-evergreen broadleaf hardwood
Plant Family
Meliaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Street Tree, Medicinal Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Wild type, native to the Indian subcontinent
Hardiness Zones
Thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 10 through 12, requiring warm tropical or subtropical climates with protection from heavy frost.
About This Tree
A fast-growing, medium to large tree typically reaching 15-20 meters with a rounded to spreading crown providing dense shade. Known for its stout trunk, rough furrowed bark, and characteristic amber-colored resin exudation often visible when the trunk is stressed or damaged.
Leaf Characteristics
Alternate, pinnate leaves 20-40 cm long with 8 to 19 dark green, asymmetric leaflets. Leaflets are lanceolate with serrated margins, smooth texture, and measure about 3-8 cm long.
Bark Characteristics
Hard, rough, and deeply furrowed bark ranging from grey-brown to dark brown. As the tree ages, the bark develops vertical fissures and scaly plates, frequently exuding clear amber gum or resin when injured.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal) and parts of Southeast Asia; widely naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.
Growing Season
Active growth occurs during the warm rainy season. It may shed some or all leaves briefly in dry conditions or cooler winters before flushing out new bright green leaves in spring. Flowers appear in early spring, followed by ripening fruits.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Requires full sun and well-draining soil. Extremely drought-tolerant once established, preferring moderate watering during establishment but intolerant of waterlogged conditions.
Mature Size
Expected mature height of 50 to 65 feet (15-20 meters) with a spread of 35 to 50 feet. Fast growth rate with a lifespan of up to 150-200 years.
Special Characteristics
Highly valued for its natural biopesticide properties derived from azadirachtin found in its leaves, seeds, and bark. Exhibits exceptional drought tolerance, air pollution tolerance, and produces valuable hardwood timber.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides dense nesting canopy and shade for various birds and small mammals. Nectar-rich flowers attract bees and other pollinators, while the fruits are consumed by fruit-eating bats and birds.