Red Clover (Non-tree Herbaceous Species)
Trifolium pratense · Herbaceous Perennial (Not a tree)
Plant Family
Fabaceae (Legume family)
Tree Category
Forage Crop / Wildflower / Cover Crop
Variety / Cultivar
Common Red Clover
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 3 through 9
About This Tree
While not a tree, Red Clover is a short-lived herbaceous perennial with an upright or decumbent habit, featuring hairy stems and globose flower heads.
Leaf Characteristics
Trifoliate (three leaflets), oval to obovate, 15–30 mm long, featuring a characteristic pale 'V' or crescent-shaped watermark on the upper surface.
Bark Characteristics
Not applicable; stems are green, herbaceous, and pubescent (hairy).
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to Europe, Western Asia, and Northwest Africa; naturalized globally in temperate regions
Growing Season
Spring through Fall; blooms primarily from May to September
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun to partial shade; prefers moderate moisture but is relatively drought-tolerant once established.
Mature Size
Height: 20-80 cm (8-30 inches); Spread: 30-60 cm; Growth Rate: Fast; Lifespan: 2-3 years.
Special Characteristics
Nitrogen-fixing root nodules improve soil quality; used as a green manure; historic medicinal use for respiratory and skin conditions.
Wildlife & Ecology
High ecological value for pollinators, especially bumblebees and honeybees; provides high-protein forage for livestock and wildlife like deer and rabbits.