White Oak
Quercus alba · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Nut Tree
Variety / Cultivar
None (wild type species identification)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 3 through 9
About This Tree
A massive, long-lived tree with a broad, rounded crown and horizontal branching. It is known for its majestic stature, reaching great heights and widths at maturity.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves, 4 to 8 inches long with 7 to 9 deep, rounded lobes. The sinus depth varies. Leaves are bright green above and whitish underneath, turning deep red or brown in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Light gray to off-white, divided into thin, small, vertical overlapping scales. On older trees, it often becomes more deeply furrowed and blocky.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern and Central North America
Growing Season
Leafs out in late spring; flowers (catkins) appear in April/May; acorns mature in one season; enters dormancy in late autumn.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun to partial shade; prefers moist, well-drained, acidic soils but is adaptable to various soil types once established.
Mature Size
Height: 50-80 feet; Spread: 50-80 feet; Growth rate: Slow to moderate; Lifespan: 200-500+ years.
Special Characteristics
Exceptional timber value for furniture and flooring; highly resistant to rot; outstanding longevity; deep red fall color; high drought tolerance once established.
Wildlife & Ecology
A keystone species; acorns provide critical food for squirrels, blue jays, deer, and turkeys. Supports hundreds of species of caterpillars and provides nesting sites for many birds.