Common Hackberry
Celtis occidentalis · Deciduous Broadleaf Hardwood
Plant Family
Cannabaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree / Forest Tree / Street Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Native species (unspecified cultivar)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 2 through 9
About This Tree
A medium-sized tree known for its rounded, spreading crown and flexible, drooping branches. It has a moderate to fast growth rate and is extremely resilient to harsh urban conditions.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate, ovate leaves, 2 to 5 inches long with an asymmetrical base (lopsided). Upper surfaces are dull green and rough-textured; margins are serrated except at the base.
Bark Characteristics
Very distinctive light gray to brown bark featuring unique corky, wart-like ridges and protuberances that become more pronounced as the tree matures.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Central and Eastern North America, from Southern Canada to Oklahoma and Georgia
Growing Season
Leaves emerge in late spring; flowers bloom April-May; fruit matures in September-October; dormant in winter.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun to partial shade. Very adaptable to various moisture levels; highly drought-tolerant once established but prefers moist, well-drained soils.
Mature Size
Reaches 40 to 60 feet in height with a similar spread. Can live up to 150-200 years. Trunk diameter typically 1 to 3 feet.
Special Characteristics
Exhibits excellent tolerance to wind, urban pollution, and diverse soil pH. Features a bright yellow fall color and provides high-quality, durable timber for crates and furniture.
Wildlife & Ecology
Produces small, dark-purple 'hackberries' (drupes) that are a vital food source for birds and small mammals; host plant for the Hackberry Emperor and Mourning Cloak butterflies.