Bay Laurel (Sweet Bay)
Laurus nobilis · Broadleaf Evergreen, Hardwood
Plant Family
Lauraceae (Laurel family)
Tree Category
Culinary Herb, Ornamental Tree, Large Shrub
Variety / Cultivar
Standard species (Laurus nobilis); cultivars like 'Saratoga' or 'Aurea' exist with distinct leaf forms/colors
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 8 to 11 (tolerates brief frost down to 20°F / -6°C). Frequently grown in containers in colder climates.
About This Tree
A dense, slow-growing broadleaf evergreen that grows as a large shrub or small tree. Features a upright, conical to rounded habit, dense glossy dark green foliage, highly aromatic leaves used in cooking, small pale yellow spring flowers, and small dark berries on female plants.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate, lanceolate to narrow-elliptic with an acuminate tip and finely undulating (wavy) smooth margins. Thick, leathery, dark glossy green upper surface, lighter green underside, prominent yellowish midrib, highly aromatic when crushed.
Bark Characteristics
Smooth, reddish-brown to dark gray bark that remains relatively smooth with minor fissures as the tree matures.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Mediterranean region
Growing Season
Evergreen year-round growth; small pale yellow-green flowers bloom in spring (March-April); dark purple berry-like drupes ripen in autumn.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun to partial shade. Requires moderate watering while establishing; once mature, it is drought-tolerant. Needs well-drained soil and dislikes waterlogging.
Mature Size
Reaches 20 to 40 feet (6 to 12 meters) in height with a 15 to 30 foot spread at maturity; slow growth rate; can live for over 100 years.
Special Characteristics
Aromatic edible leaves used as culinary bay leaves; highly deer resistant; historical significance as crowns of honor in ancient Greece and Rome; excellent for topiary and hedging.
Wildlife & Ecology
Spring flowers attract pollinators like bees and beneficial insects; dark berries on female trees provide food for birds; dense evergreen foliage offers shelter and nesting sites for birds.