English Oak
Quercus robur · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Ornamental
Variety / Cultivar
None specified (species type)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 4 through 8.
About This Tree
A long-lived tree that develops a broad, massive, spreading crown at maturity. While this specimen is a sapling with a slender upright form, it will eventually become a majestic, thick-trunked shade tree.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves with 3-7 pairs of rounded lobes and very short stalks (petioles). New spring growth is distinctly reddish-brown or bronze, maturing to dark green with a pale underside.
Bark Characteristics
On this young sapling, the bark is relatively smooth and grey-brown. As the tree matures, it becomes deeply fissured and develops a thick, rugged, corky texture.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa; widely naturalized in North America.
Growing Season
Bud break occurs in mid-to-late spring with reddish-bronze new growth; flowers appear shortly after. Dormancy begins in late autumn.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun for optimal growth. Requires moderate watering while young; once established, it is moderately drought-tolerant but prefers well-drained, moist soil.
Mature Size
Reaches 40-70 feet in height with a similar or wider spread. Growth rate is slow to moderate. Lifespan can exceed several centuries.
Special Characteristics
Highly valued for strong, durable timber. Features excellent longevity and historical significance. Susceptible to powdery mildew in high humidity.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides critical habitat and food; acorns are a staple for squirrels, jays, and deer. Historically supports hundreds of insect species, including many pollinators.