London Plane Tree
Platanus x acerifolia · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Platanaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Street Tree, Ornamental
Variety / Cultivar
Common London Plane (hybrid of P. occidentalis and P. orientalis)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 5-9; tolerant of a wide range of temperatures and urban microclimates.
About This Tree
A massive, spreading tree with a broad, rounded crown and a thick, sturdy trunk. Known for its 'camouflage' bark pattern and its ability to withstand urban pollution.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves; thick and leathery; 3-5 lobes similar to a maple (palmate); margins are coarsely toothed; medium green in summer, turning yellow-brown in fall.
Bark Characteristics
Distinctive exfoliating bark that peels away in large flakes to reveal patches of pale cream, olive, and light brown underneath, creating a mottled appearance.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Hybrid origin (likely Spain or London in the 17th century); widely adapted across Europe and North America.
Growing Season
Leafs out in mid-to-late spring; inconspicuous flowers appear with leaves; fruit matures in fall and persists through winter; dormant in late autumn/winter.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun preferred; moderate watering needs; once established, it is moderately drought-tolerant and can handle compacted urban soils.
Mature Size
70-100 feet tall and 65-80 feet wide; fast growth rate when young; can live several hundred years.
Special Characteristics
Highly resistant to air pollution; tolerant of heavy pruning (pollarding); iconic exfoliating bark; used extensively in urban planning for shade and aesthetics.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides nesting sites for large birds like hawks and owls; seeds are eaten by finches, squirrels, and small rodents; serves as a high-canopy habitat in urban areas.