Bigleaf Maple
Acer macrophyllum · Deciduous Broadleaf Hardwood
Plant Family
Sapindaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Ornamental
Variety / Cultivar
None specified; species type
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 5 - 9
About This Tree
A large, fast-growing deciduous tree with a massive, rounded, and spreading crown. It is known for having the largest leaves of any maple species and often develops a trunk heavily covered in moss and ferns in damp climates.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, opposite, deeply 5-lobed leaves reaching 6 to 12 inches across (sometimes up to 24 inches). Dark green on top and paler underneath, turning yellow to orange-brown in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Young bark is smooth and greenish-gray; mature bark becomes red-brown to gray-brown with deep furrowing and ridges, often obscured by epiphytes like moss and lichens.
Growing Information
Origin Region
North American Pacific Coast, ranging from Alaska to Southern California
Growing Season
Leaves emerge in spring (March-April), flowers bloom early spring before or during leafing, seeds ripen in autumn, enters dormancy in late fall
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun to partial shade; prefers moist, well-drained soils; moderate drought tolerance once established but prefers consistent moisture.
Mature Size
Height 50-100 feet, Spread 30-50 feet. Fast growth rate when young, maturing with a trunk diameter of 2-4 feet. Can live over 200 years.
Special Characteristics
Produces edible sap similar to sugar maple; notable for having larger leaves than any other maple. Often used for veneer, musical instruments (quilted maple furniture), and as an ornamental in large landscapes.
Wildlife & Ecology
Excellent ecological value; flowers provide nectar for pollinators; seeds (samaras) are eaten by squirrels, birds, and small mammals; large canopy provides nesting sites; high epiphyte load supports unique microsystems for insects.