Tulip Tree (Tulip Poplar)
Liriodendron tulipifera · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood, Native
Plant Family
Magnoliaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Flowering Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Standard species (Wild type)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 4–9; sensitive to extreme drought and high heat in urban heat islands.
About This Tree
A very tall, straight-trunked tree with a high, rounded to pyramidal crown. Known for its rapid growth and majestic height, it features distinct tulip-shaped flowers and unique Four-lobed leaves.
Leaf Characteristics
Alternate, simple, 3 to 6 inches long/wide; distinct four-lobed shape with a broad, notched apex (resembling a tulip silhouette). Bright green in summer, turning brilliant golden-yellow in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Light gray and smooth on young trees; developing deep, longitudinal furrows and interlacing ridges that form diamond-shaped patterns as it matures.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern North America; ranges from Southern Ontario to Central Florida and west to the Mississippi River.
Growing Season
Leafs out in mid-spring; flowers in May or June; fruits ripen in autumn; enters dormancy in late fall after vibrant yellow coloration.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun is required for best growth; prefers deep, moist, well-drained, slightly acidic soil. Low drought tolerance; needs consistent moisture.
Mature Size
Height: 70–150 feet; Spread: 30–50 feet; Growth Rate: Fast (over 2 feet per year); Lifespan: Up to 200–300 years.
Special Characteristics
Vibrant yellow fall color; aromatic stems when crushed; highly valued timber ('yellow poplar') for furniture and construction; state tree of Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee.
Wildlife & Ecology
Host plant for Tiger Swallowtail and Spicebush Swallowtail butterflies; flowers provide significant nectar for honeybees and hummingbirds; seeds are eaten by squirrels, rabbits, and birds.