Black Oak
Quercus velutina · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Nut-bearing
Variety / Cultivar
None (wild species)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 3 through 9
About This Tree
A medium to large forest tree with an irregular, globular crown and spreading branches. It is known for its rugged appearance and dark, deeply furrowed bark at maturity.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate, 4-10 inches long with 5-9 bristle-tipped lobes. Leaves are shiny dark green above and paler beneath with scurfy pubescence near the veins. Deep u-shaped sinuses.
Bark Characteristics
Dark gray to nearly black; deeply furrowed into thick, blocky ridges on older trees. The inner bark is characteristically yellow or orange and bitter.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern and Central North America
Growing Season
Leafs out in late spring; stays green through summer; turns red or brown in late autumn before dormancy in winter.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun preferred; moderate water needs; high drought tolerance once established; prefers well-drained, acidic soils.
Mature Size
Height: 50-80 feet; Spread: 40-60 feet; Moderate growth rate; Lifespan: 150-200 years.
Special Characteristics
Rich in tannins; historical source of yellow dye (quercitron); valuable timber for construction and flooring; excellent fall color in colder climates.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides essential habitat and food (acorns) for squirrels, turkeys, deer, and blue jays. Supports numerous Lepidoptera species as a host plant.