White Oak
Quercus alba · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree, Nut-bearing
Variety / Cultivar
None (Standard species)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 3-9
About This Tree
A large, long-lived majestic tree with a wide-spreading rounded crown and sturdy horizontal branches. It is known for its strength and longevity, often living 200-300 years.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate, 4-9 inches long with 7-9 rounded lobes. Deeply or shallowly cut sinuate margins. Bright green above and whitish or glaucous underneath, turning red-brown in fall.
Bark Characteristics
Light gray to whitish, divided into long, thin, vertical scales or plates. Often peeling slightly on younger branches; becoming thicker and more furrowed with age.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern and Central North America
Growing Season
Bud break in spring, flowering in April-May, acorns ripen in autumn, dormancy in winter
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun but is moderately shade tolerant when young. Moist, well-drained, acidic to neutral soils; moderate drought tolerance once established.
Mature Size
Height of 50-80 feet, spread of 50-80 feet, trunk diameter of 3-4 feet. Slow to moderate growth rate.
Special Characteristics
Extremely high timber value for furniture and whiskey barrels. Excellent fall color. Notorious for high longevity and resistance to rot in its heartwood.
Wildlife & Ecology
Key keystone species. Acorns provide vital food for deer, turkeys, squirrels, and blue jays. Supports hundreds of caterpillar species (Lepidoptera) and provides nesting for birds.