Paper Birch
Betula papyrifera · Deciduous Broadleaf Hardwood Native
Plant Family
Betulaceae
Tree Category
Forest Tree / Ornamental
Variety / Cultivar
Wild type (Betula papyrifera)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 2 through 6
About This Tree
A medium-sized deciduous tree featured in the foreground as a young sapling/understory specimen along a forested shoreline. Naturally forms a narrow to rounded crown with slender branches, bright green foliage, and iconic bright white peeling bark upon reaching maturity.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate arrangement, ovate to triangular in shape with doubly serrate (toothed) margins and pointed tips. Light to medium green in summer, turning bright yellow in fall.
Bark Characteristics
Young stems and branches are smooth, reddish-brown to dark brown with light horizontal lenticels; matures to distinctive bright chalky white bark that peels off in thin, papery layers.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to northern North America, including Canada and northern United States
Growing Season
Spring leaf-out and flowering (catkins); summer growth; golden yellow autumn fall color; winter dormancy
Sunlight & Water Needs
Requires full sun to partial shade; prefers moist, well-drained, cool soils, commonly thriving near lakes, rivers, and cool northern slopes.
Mature Size
Reaches 50 to 70 feet (15-21 m) in height with a spread of 25 to 40 feet (7.5-12 m); fast growth rate; short to medium lifespan (60-100 years).
Special Characteristics
Notable for its striking white bark and vibrant golden autumn foliage. Culturally significant for indigenous peoples who historically used the waterproof bark to construct canoes, wigwams, and containers.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides critical habitat and food source for wildlife: seeds, buds, and catkins are eaten by songbirds, grouse, and small mammals, while leaves are browsed by deer and moose. Serves as a host plant for numerous butterfly and moth larvae.