American Elm
Ulmus americana · Deciduous Broadleaf Hardwood
Plant Family
Ulmaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Street Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Species (likely a DED-resistant cultivar like 'Princeton' or 'Valley Forge' if recently planted)
Hardiness Zones
2-9 (USDA)
About This Tree
A large, stately tree characterized by its iconic urn-shaped or vase-shaped silhouette with spreading branches that arch gracefully. It features a dense canopy and moderate to fast growth rate reaching significant heights at maturity.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate leaves with an oblong-ovate shape (3-6 inches long). Features doubly serrated margins and an asymmetrical (uneven) base. Dark green in summer, turning a consistent yellow in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Dark grey to brownish-grey, deeply furrowed with intersecting ridges that form a diamond-like pattern. Mature bark shows characteristic alternating layers of light and dark brown when cut.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern North America from Nova Scotia to Florida and west to the Rockies
Growing Season
Leaves emerge in spring, small flowers appear before leaves in early spring, samara seeds mature in late spring, enters dormancy in late autumn.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun is preferred but tolerates partial shade. Requires moist, well-drained soil but is highly adaptable to various soil types and urban compaction. Moderate drought tolerance once established.
Mature Size
60-80 feet tall with a spread of 40-70 feet; growth rate of 2-3 feet per year; can live over 200 years if protected from disease.
Special Characteristics
Extreme tolerance to urban conditions, salt, and pollution. Famously susceptible to Dutch Elm Disease (DED), though modern cultivars are resistant. Highly valued historically for street lining in North American cities.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides critical nesting sites for birds like the Baltimore Oriole. Seeds (samaras) are eaten by songbirds and small mammals. Supports various larvae of butterflies and moths including the Question Mark and Mourning Cloak.