Common Hackberry
Celtis occidentalis · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Hardwood
Plant Family
Cannabaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Forest Tree
Variety / Cultivar
None specified (Natural Species)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 2-9; extremely cold-tolerant and adaptable to hot, dry climates.
About This Tree
A medium to large hardy tree known for its rounded, spreading crown with slightly drooping branches and unique corky bark. It is highly adaptable to various soil conditions and urban environments.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate, 2-5 inches long, ovate with an asymmetrical base. Leaves are dark green and rough-textured above, with serrated margins and visible venation.
Bark Characteristics
Distinctive grayish-brown bark with corky, wart-like ridges that develop on young stems and become more pronounced and rugged as the tree matures.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Central and Northeastern North America
Growing Season
Flowering in April-May; Fruiting in late summer; Dormant in winter
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full Sun to Partial Shade; prefers moist, well-drained soils but is highly drought tolerant once established.
Mature Size
Mature height of 40-60 feet with a similar spread; moderate to fast growth rate; can live up to 150-200 years.
Special Characteristics
Excellent windbreak tree; highly resistant to pollution; notable for its small, edible, pea-sized drupes (berries) that turn deep purple when ripe.
Wildlife & Ecology
Critical food source for birds and mammals; host plant for Hackberry Emperor and Question Mark butterflies; provides significant nesting cover.