White Ash
Fraxinus americana · Deciduous Hardwood
Plant Family
Oleaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree
Variety / Cultivar
Standard species
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 3 through 9
About This Tree
A large deciduous tree featuring an upright, oval to rounded crown, dense foliage, and strong structural branching.
Leaf Characteristics
Pinnately compound leaves with 5 to 9 leaflets, dark green above, pale underneath, turning brilliant shades of purple, red, and yellow in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Distinctive diamond-shaped pattern formed by deep, interlacing ridges and furrows, grayish-brown to dark gray.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern and central North America
Growing Season
Spring leaf out, flowers in spring before leaves, seeds mature in autumn, winter dormancy
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun to partial shade, moderate moisture requirements, prefers rich, moist, well-drained soils.
Mature Size
Height of 50 to 80 feet, spread of 50 to 80 feet, fast to moderate growth rate, lifespan up to 150 years.
Special Characteristics
Known for exceptionally strong, shock-resistant wood used in tool handles and baseball bats, highly susceptible to the emerald ash borer.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides food for birds and mammals through seeds, twigs, and foliage; supports various pollinators and nesting birds.