Eastern White Pine
Pinus strobus · Evergreen, Coniferous, Softwood
Plant Family
Pinaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree, Conifer, Forest Tree
Variety / Cultivar
None (Standard Species)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 3-8; very cold hardy but sensitive to high heat and road salt.
About This Tree
Large, fast-growing evergreen with a straight trunk and a plume-like crown. In youth, it has a symmetrical pyramidal shape which becomes irregular and wind-swept with age. Known for its soft texture and bluish-green needles.
Leaf Characteristics
Needles are in bundles (fascicles) of five, 3-5 inches long, flexible, soft, and bluish-green. They are finely serrated and remain on the tree for 2-3 years.
Bark Characteristics
Smooth and grey-green on young trees, becoming deeply furrowed and dark grey to brown with thick, rectangular plates on mature trunks.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to Eastern North America (Canada and the United States)
Growing Season
Year-round evergreen foliage; new growth (candles) emerges in spring (May-June); pollination occurs in late spring.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun to partial shade; prefers moist, well-drained, acidic soils but is adaptable to various conditions. Moderate drought tolerance once established.
Mature Size
Mature height of 50-80 feet (can reach 150+ in forest), spread of 20-40 feet, fast growth rate (2+ feet per year).
Special Characteristics
Notable for being the state tree of Maine and Michigan; historically used for ship masts; high timber value; moderate salt sensitivity; susceptible to White Pine Blister Rust and White Pine Weevil.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides nesting sites for large birds like hawks and owls; seeds are consumed by squirrels, chipmunks, and songbirds (like chickadees); provides excellent winter cover for deer and smaller mammals.