Common Hazel
Corylus avellana · Deciduous, Broadleaf, Multi-stemmed
Plant Family
Betulaceae
Tree Category
Nut, Ornamental, Hedge, Understory Tree
Variety / Cultivar
None specified; identification based on wild species characteristics
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 4-8; adaptable to range of temperate conditions but sensitive to extreme heat without water.
About This Tree
A deciduous large shrub or small tree, typically multi-stemmed with a rounded and spreading habit. Known for its pendulous yellow male catkins in winter and edible nuts (hazelnuts) in autumn. Generally reaches maturity quickly with a dense, leafy crown.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate, rounded to heart-shaped leaves with pointed tips. Usually 4-12 cm long with double-serrated margins. The surface is often slightly hairy (soft) and green, turning yellow-brown in autumn.
Bark Characteristics
Initially smooth and grey-brown, becoming slightly fissured or peeling in thin plates with age. Features prominent horizontal lenticels.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Native to Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa; well-adapted to temperate climates worldwide
Growing Season
Flowers in late winter to early spring (February-March) before leaves emerge; fruits ripen in late summer; enters dormancy in late autumn
Sunlight & Water Needs
Prefers full sun to partial shade; needs moist but well-drained soil. Moderately drought-tolerant once established but prefers consistent moisture for nut production.
Mature Size
Height: 4-8 meters; Spread: 4-8 meters; Growth rate: Fast; Lifespan: 80-100 years.
Special Characteristics
Highly valued for hazelnut production; excellent for coppicing and hedge creation; provides early-season interest with decorative catkins; timber is flexible and used for fencing and walking sticks.
Wildlife & Ecology
Major food source for squirrels, dormice, and birds (like woodpeckers and jays). Early pollen source for bees. Supports various moth larvae including the nut tree tussock moth.