White Oak
Quercus alba · Deciduous Broadleaf Hardwood
Plant Family
Fagaceae
Tree Category
Shade Tree / Forest Tree
Variety / Cultivar
None (wild type species)
Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 3-9
About This Tree
A massive, long-lived tree with a wide-spreading, rounded crown and horizontal branching. It is known for its majestic stature and high-quality timber.
Leaf Characteristics
Simple, alternate, 4-9 inches long with 7-9 rounded lobes. Deeply or shallowly lobed without bristles. Dark green above, pale or glaucous below. Turns burgundy or brown in fall.
Bark Characteristics
Light gray to off-white, divided into thin, small, vertical scales or narrow plates on older trees; often appears flaky.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Eastern and Central North America
Growing Season
Leaves emerge in spring; flowering catkins appear April-May; acorns ripen in autumn; enters winter dormancy after a late fall color change.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun is preferred; moderate water needs; adaptable to various soil types but prefers well-drained, slightly acidic soil.
Mature Size
50-80 feet tall with a similar or greater spread; slow to moderate growth rate; can live over 300 years.
Special Characteristics
Highly valued for timber (barrels, flooring). Resistant to many pests, though susceptible to oak wilt. Known for its ability to withstand diverse climates.
Wildlife & Ecology
Provides essential food via acorns for over 180 species of birds and mammals. Supports hundreds of species of lepidoptera (caterpillars) as a keystone host plant.